All men aged between 18 and 60 have been asked to remain in Ukraine to fight. Most of the arrivals have been women and children. Many have sought refuge in neighbouring states. Seventeen people were killed and 42 wounded in two separate Russian attacks on Kharkiv, the regional governor said.Īccording to the UNHCR, more than 11.1 million people have left Ukraine since the Russian invasion began. Russia is keeping up a steady bombardment of the northeastern Kharkiv front to tie down Ukrainian forces and prevent them from being used for counterattacks in other regions, Britain’s defence ministry said on Friday. At least four explosions hit an area near the Russian Belbek military airport north of Sevastopol in annexed Crimea, local sources have said, but a pro-Moscow official said no damage had been done. Russia did not make any territorial gains on Thursday – a first since July 6 – according to the Institute for the Study of War. Read on for an overview of the situation in infographics and maps. The work of the Hillside mapmakers increased the accuracy of bombing missions but the technology available at the time still made precision difficult. The targeting of cities helped bring an end to the war however, the moral questions raised at the time are still being debated today.As the Russian offensive enters its 177th day, we track where the fighting is happening and how we got here. The bombing raidsīombing raids on both sides of the war targeted cities and residential areas as well as factories and infrastructure, in the belief that this would weaken public morale and force the enemy to surrender sooner. The maps were then distributed to around 60 RAF airfields, and to the American Airforce. The unit delivered the dossiers under cover of darkness to nearby Bomber Command HQ. Vital intelligence information was placed with the final target maps into sealed dossiers and passed to the Motor Transport Team, based in Hughenden’s stableyard. This made the maps easier to see in the dim amber light inside the aeroplane. The target maps were then printed using only black and magenta ink, with various techniques such as stippling enabling features to appear in white, grey, dull magenta and bright magenta. Only Sergeant Hadfield, in charge of security, lived in the manor with his wife and two children. Many were billeted in nearby High Wycombe and travelled to the manor on bicycles. Recruits often arrived at Hughenden not knowing where they were going, or the job that they would be doing, all part of the efforts to keep Hillside top-secret. Their skills, including a meticulous attention to detail, were essential for the hand drawing work needed in map making. Civilian recruits included people who had been artists, cartoonists, architects and graphic designers. Hillside personnelĪround 100 men and women were based at Hughenden, both RAF and civilian personnel. Hughenden was requisitioned to become the map making operation for Bomber Command.
Warfare moved into the skies on an unprecedented scale during the war however only a small proportion of bombs were falling on target due to a lack of accurate maps. Entrance is allocated at the house on showing a valid visit ticket or NT member card. Numbers are limited for safety and on a first-come first-served basis, so a visit ticket does not guarantee entry to the house on busy days.
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